20-O-glucosyl-protopanaxadiol, compound K
It is the main product of bacterial hydrolysis of panaxosides that occurs in the intestine:
R1 = -H
R2 = -Glc
- In stressed mice, cortisol is reduced in plasma. ( Kim2003iii )
- It has all the panaxosides the strongest effect against the allergic reaction . In experimental skin anaphylaxis (PCA), 99% suppressed an allergic reaction at 25 mg / kg intraperitoneally and 98% suppressed orally. At 10 mg / kg, suppression of the allergic reaction was 44%. The strong anti-allergic effect of Compound K was demonstrated in other in vitro tests. It is not a histamine receptor antagonist. ( Choo2003aag )
- Protected chondrocytes in rheumatoid arthritis models in vitro ( Choi2013jec ) and the rat model ( Chen2014gmc ).
- It inhibited angiogenesis by regulating sphingosine kinase 1 found in an in vitro assay on human vascular endothelial cells. ( Shin2014gci )
- It inhibited angiogenesis by inhibiting MAP kinase and protein kinase B (PKB). ( Jeong2010cib )
- It has shown an anti-inflammatory effect in in vivo experimental inflammation in animals. ( Lee2005ape , Shin2005egr )
- It has demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect in vitro by reducing the production of NO and prostaglandin E2 in activated macrophages by inhibiting the transcription factor NF-κB. ( Park2005ieg )
- It acts inhibitory on the neuronal form of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α3β4). ( Lee2003deb )
- In addition to the above, antidiabetic, cytoprotective, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects were detected for K. ( Yang2015rbp )